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Paper   IPM / Physic / 18324
School of Physics
  Title:   Post-Carrollian mechanics, ideal gas and gravity
  Author(s):  M. Najafizadeh
  Status:   Published
  Journal: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
  No.:  27
  Vol.:  40
  Year:  2025
  Pages:   2550122
  Supported by:  IPM
  Abstract:
Energy and momentum in Newtonian mechanics have the familiar relations, (E=mv2∕2) and (P=mv), derived from the nonrelativistic limit of special relativity. In this study, we find the corresponding relations to formulate the so-called “post-Carrollian mechanics” by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to tachyon theory, resulting in (E=mc3∕v) and (P=ˆvmc3∕2v2). Using these, we determine the energy-momentum relation and investigate the thermodynamics of an ideal gas composed of post-Carroll particles. Moreover, by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to Einstein’s equations coupled to tachyon dust, we find the post-Carrollian gravitational potential. Finally, utilizing the geodesic equation, we determine the post-Carrollian gravitational field, which unlike the Newtonian case is found to be radially outward.

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