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| Paper IPM / M / 17612 |
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| Abstract: | |
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A set S of vertices of a digraph D is called an open neighbourhood locating-dominating
set if every vertex in D has an in-neighbour in S, and for every pair u, v of vertices of D,
there is a vertex in S that is an in-neighbour of exactly one of u and v. The smallest size
of an open neighbourhood locating-dominating set of a digraph D is denoted by γOL(D).
We study the class of digraphs D whose only open neighbourhood locating-dominating
set consists of the whole set of vertices, in other words, γOL(D) is equal to the order
of D. We call those digraphs extremal. By considering digraphs with loops allowed, our
definition also applies to the related (and more widely studied) concept of identifying
codes. We extend previous studies from the literature for both open neighbourhood
locating-dominating sets and identifying codes of both undirected and directed graphs.
These results all correspond to studying open neighbourhood locating-dominating sets
on special classes of digraphs. To do so, we prove general structural properties of
extremal digraphs, and we describe how they can all be constructed. We then use these
properties to give new proofs of several known results from the literature. We also give
a recursive and constructive characterization of the extremal di-trees (digraphs whose
underlying undirected graph is a tree).
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