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Paper   IPM / Cognitive / 7453
School of Cognitive Sciences
  Title:   Influence of intracerebroventricular administration of ATP-dependent potassium channel modulators on morphine state-dependent memory of passive avoidance
  Author(s): 
1.  M.R. Zarrindast
2.  M.R. Jafari
3.  S. Ahmadi
4.  B. Djahanguri
  Status:   Published
  Journal: Behavioral Pharmacology
  No.:  2
  Vol.:  15
  Year:  2004
  Pages:   103-110
  Supported by:  IPM
  Abstract:
Visual adaptation has been successfully used for studying the neural activity of different cortical areas in response to visual stimuli when observers do not have explicit conscious access to those stimuli. We compared the orientation selective adaptation to apparent motion and its effect on the perception of stimuli with bistable apparent motion in crowded and non-crowded conditions. In the crowding paradigm conscious access to a visual stimulus is severely impaired when it is flanked by other similar stimuli in the peripheral visual field. As expected, adaptation to the target stimulus occurred in the non-crowded condition in all of the individual subjects (n = 4; P < 0.001). Although in the crowded condition subjects were not able to discriminate the target stimulus, adaptation to that stimulus was still preserved (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the adaptations in the two conditions of the apparent motion (P > 0.05). Imaging studies have shown that V5 cortex is the earliest visual area that specifically responds to apparent motion. Our results suggest that in certain conditions V5 may be activated while there is no explicit conscious access to the apparent motion

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